DBMS Tutorial

DBMS Tutorial

Last Updated :14 Jan, 2026

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software used to manage data from a database. It acts as an interface between the database and end users or applications, ensuring data is consistently organised, easily accessible, and secure.

• A database is a structured collection of data that is stored in an electronic device. The data can be text, video, image, or any other format.
• A relational database stores data in the form of tables, and a NoSQL database stores data in the form of key-value pairs.
• A DBMS is a software that allows to create, update, and retrieval of data in an organised way. It also provides security to the database.
• Examples of relational DBMS are MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, and Snowflake.
• Examples of NoSQL DBMS are MongoDB, Cassandra, DynamoDB, and Redis.

Database Management System

Why We Need DBMS?

DBMS reduces data redundancy by avoiding duplicate data storage and maintains data consistency by ensuring that updates are reflected everywhere. It provides data security through authentication and access permissions, allowing only authorized users to access the data.

➣Learn More: Need for DBMS

Introduction

In this section, we will understand the basics of DBMS, explore how it works, and learn about different database architectures used in real-world systems.

1. DBMS Introduction
2. DBMS Architectures (1, 2 and 3 Tier)

Entity Relationship Model

It is a conceptual model for designing a databases to represent real-world data using entities, attributes, and relationships.

1. ER Model
2. Enhanced ER Model
3. Minimization of ER Diagram
4. Generalization, Specialization and Aggregation
5. Recursive Relationships

Relational Model and Functional Dependencies

Provides a structured way to organize data into tables, enabling efficient storage, retrieval, and management. In this section, we learn how queries are expressed mathematically and logically to retrieve data from relational databases.

1. Relational Model
2. Keys (Candidate, Super, Primary, Alternate and Foreign)
3. Functional Dependency and Attribute Closure
4. Finding Attribute Closure and Candidate Keys using Functional Dependencies
5. Armstrong’s Axioms in Functional Dependency
6. Equivalence of Functional Dependencies
7. Canonical Cover
8. Anomalies in Relational Model
9. Mapping from ER Model to Relational Model
10. Strategies for Schema design
11. Schema Integration
12. Quiz: ER and Relational Model